New tool: a Farm Dam Volume & Water Security Calculator

Fifth tool in the Farming section, this one for working out what’s actually in your dam, and how long it’ll last you.

The thing that got me building this one is that length times width times depth, the calculation most people reach for, is genuinely wrong for a real farm dam. It describes a rectangular tank with vertical walls, and an actual dam has sloped earth banks, so that simple sum overstates what you’re holding, often by a fair margin. I couldn’t find a South African source that publishes a proper correction for this, so I used the same shape formulas two Australian agricultural authorities, DPIRD in Western Australia and Agriculture Victoria, publish and use themselves, and checked my implementation against their own worked examples before trusting it. There are three shape options, a simple dam with ordinary sloped banks, a valley or gully dam built across a drainage line, which is measured differently, and a multiple-soundings mode if you’ve actually measured depth at a few points yourself, which is the most accurate option going.

The part I think is actually the most useful, though, is what happens after the volume number. South Africa’s open-water evaporation is genuinely severe, and on a wide, shallow dam it can be a bigger loss than everything you’re pumping out for stock or irrigation put together. The calculator works that loss out from your dam’s actual surface area and a regional evaporation figure, not a generic assumption, adds up whatever you’re drawing off, livestock, irrigation, the house, and gives you an honest answer to the question that actually matters for planning a dry spell: how many days does this water last if nothing tops it up. I’ve deliberately kept that assumption of no rain or inflow, since it’s meant as a worst-case runway, not a forecast.

One more thing I added after some reading I wasn’t expecting to need: if your dam is large, over 50 000 cubic metres and has a wall over 5 metres, South Africa’s National Water Act classes it as a “dam with a safety risk” and it needs to be registered with the Department of Water and Sanitation. Most farm dams are well under that, but the calculator flags it if you’re close, worth checking properly with DWS or a dam engineer rather than relying on the tool’s word for it.

If you use a farm dam, I’d genuinely value a sanity check on the numbers, particularly the evaporation regional bands, which are honest indicative ranges rather than a precise map, so if you’ve got your own pan reading or a strong sense that your area runs hotter or cooler than what’s shown, that feedback is useful.

This is such a useful one, we don’t farm ourselves but my brother in law does near Camperdown and he is forever guessing how long his dam will last, especially now in winter when the evaporation is less but so is the rain topping it up. I sent him the link and he was quite chuffed that it factors in evaporation and not just a flat number, because he always says the shape of the dam changes everything and a simple length times width times depth sum never adds up right.

At the end of the day we all just want stability, and for farmers I imagine not knowing your actual water security must be so stressful, especially with load shedding messing with pump schedules on top of it all. Does the calculator let you factor in different draw rates for say irrigation season versus just topping up stock troughs in winter, or is it one steady daily draw figure? That would be the next thing he would ask about I reckon, since his usage swings so much between seasons.

This one is useful, ja. Been guessing dam levels my whole life just by eye and I’m probably wrong half the time. The evaporation thing is real, we lost more water to sun this summer than what the cattle drank, and nobody tells you that until you watch it happen. Sloped banks make sense too, our dam looks nothing like a box. On the seasonal question, ja it changes a lot, summer irrigation pulls hard but in winter its just stock drinking and topping up the trough. Would be lekker if it let you put in a different draw for different months instead of one number for the whole year.